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Introduction
Introduction Conduction
1D Heat Conduction
Electrical Analogy
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Introduction Convection
Non-Dimensional Params
Forced Convection
Convection Over Plate
Free Convection
Introduction Radiation
Black Body Radiation
Radiation View Factors
Glossary

 

Heat Transfer: Forced Convection

Newton's Law of Cooling
The essential ingredients of forced convection heat transfer analysis are given by Newton's Law of Cooling,
The rate of heat transfered to the surrounding fluid is proportional to the object's exposed area A, and the difference between the object temperature Tw and the fluid free-stream temperature .

The constant of proportionality h is termed the convection heat-transfer coefficient. Other terms describing h include film coefficient and film conductance.

Definition of Symbols
Independent Parameters for the Fluid
Quantity Symbol Object Units
  free-stream temperature   scalar K
  free-stream velocity   scalar m/s
  kinematic viscosity   n scalar m2/s
  dynamic viscosity   m scalar kg/m-s
  density   r scalar kg/m3
  thermal diffusivity   a scalar m2/s
  specific heat   cp scalar J/kg-K
  thermal conductivity   k scalar W/m-K
Independent Parameters for the Object
Quantity Symbol Object Units
  surface reference length   L scalar m
  surface diameter (for pipes)   D scalar m
  surface (wall) temperature   Tw scalar K
Dependent Parameters
Quantity Symbol Object Units
  surface to fluid temp. difference   scalar K
  heat transfer coefficient   h scalar W/m2-K

 

 

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